The top ten mistakes made by Japanese speakers of English

日本人が間違えやすい英会話 表現トップ10です。

©Paul Raine 2010
In this lesson, I'm going to tell you about the top 10 most common mistakes, made by Japanese speakers of English. Each mistake is presented in a conversation. After each conversation, try to spot the mistake. Then you will see a correct conversation. If you can avoid making these mistakes, your English will quickly sound much more natural. 私はこのレッスンで、日本人の英会話‘間違いベスト10’について教えたいと思います。会話の中に一つずつ間違いがあります。会話を聞いて、間違いを見つけてみましょう!そのあとに正しい会話が流れます。このような間違いを避けることができれば、すぐに自然な英語が話せるようになります。

10. “You don't know Paul, do you?”

Incorrect conversation
正しくない会話
Teacher: You don't know Paul, do you?
Student: Yes.
Teacher: Really? Where did you meet?
Student: I have never met him.
Correct conversation
正しい会話
Teacher: You don't know Paul, do you?
Student: No.
Teacher: Ah.
English explanation 解説
If an English speaker adds a tag question to a negative sentence, use a negative answer to agree with the sentence. Use a positive answer to disagree. 英語では、否定文に疑問符を付ける場合には、否定文で答えると、その文章に同意したことになり。肯定文で答えると、その文章に同意しないという意味になる(日本語と反対)。

9. “L” and “R” confusion

Incorrect conversation
正しくない会話
Student: I bought a new bike.
Teacher: Oh really? What’s it like?
Student: It’s lead.
Teacher: Lead?! It must be very heavy!
Correct conversation
正しい会話
Student: I bought a new bike.
Teacher: Oh really? What’s it like?
Student: It’s red.
Teacher: That's a nice colour. I have a blue bike.
English explanation 解説
Try practising this tongue-twister to improve your pronunciation of 'L' and 'R'. Red lorry, yellow lorry, red lorry, yellow lorry, red lorry, yellow lorry, red lorry, yellow lorry... Take a look at a website such as shiporsheep.com to improve your pronunciation further. 「l」と「r」の発音をよくするために、この早口言葉を練習してみましょう。 赤い貨物自動車、黄色い貨物自動車~ 発音がもっとよくなるように「shiporsheep.com」をやってみてみましょう。

8. Dear Mr Paul

Incorrect conversation
正しくない会話
Dear Mr. Paul,
Thank you for meeting me yesterday.

I enjoyed the lesson.
Correct conversation
正しい会話
Dear Mr. Raine,
Thank you for meeting me yesterday.
I enjoyed the lesson.
English explanation 解説
Never use 'Mr' or 'Mrs' with the first name. You can use the first name only. In business situations, you can use 'Mr' or 'Mrs' and the second name. 「Mr」や「Mrs」は、ファーストネームには使わないので注意してください。ファーストネームだけで構いません。ビジネスでは「Mr」や「Mrs」にセカンドネームを合わせて使います。

7. My job is Engineer

Incorrect conversation
正しくない会話
Teacher: What do you do?
Student: Erm, you mean job?
Teacher: Yes, what is your job?
Student: My job is Engineer.
Correct conversation
正しい会話
Teacher: What do you do?
Student: I'm an engineer.
English explanation 解説
Don't say 'What is your job?', instead say 'What do you do?'. The meaning is the same, but it sounds much more natural. Never say 'My job is…'. Instead, say 'I'm a…' or 'I'm an…' 「What is your job?」を使わないようにご注意してください。それの代わりに「 what do you do?」の方が自然なフレーズです。 'My job is…' とは言いませんよね?それの代わりに「I'm a...」か「I'm an...」が良いです。
Examples 模範
I'm a doctor.
私は医者です。
I'm a software engineer.
私はソフトウェアエンジニアです。
I'm a housewife.
私は主婦です。
I'm a student.
私は学生です。

6. Japanese is more easy than English

Incorrect conversation
正しくない会話
Teacher: Is English difficult?
Student: Yes! Japanese is more easy than English.
Correct conversation
正しい会話
Teacher: Is English difficult?
Student: Yes, Japanese is easier than English.
English explanation 解説
Never say 'more easy'. For words less than two syllables, add 'er'. For words ending in 'y', replace the 'y' with an 'i' and add 'er'. For words longer than two syllables, use 'more'. 「more easy」と言わないようにご注意してください。言葉が二つの音節以内の場合は「er」を付けても良いです。言葉の最後の文字が「 y」だったら「i」に換えて、「 er」付けてください。言葉の音節が二個以上の場合は、「more」を使ってください。

5. I am Tanaka


Incorrect conversation 正しくない会話
Teacher: Hi! What's your name?
Student: I am Tanaka.
Correct conversation 正しい会話
Teacher: Hi! What’s your name?
Student: Taro.
Teacher: Hi Taro. I'm Paul. Nice to meet you.
English explanation 解説
So, when somebody asks your name, you can usually say your first name only. In a business situation, you can say your first name and second name. When we are introducing ourselves to someone, we never use only the second name. We can use the first and second name, or only the first name. If we are making a reservation, for example for a restaurant, we can give only our second name. In situations where we are the customer, or we are a higher status than the person we are talking to, sometimes we use only the second name. But usually, we use the first name or first name and second name. 誰かからあなたの名前を尋ねられた場合は、普通、ファーストネーム(名前)だけで答えます。ビジネスの場合はフルネーム(名字と名前)を使いましょう。 自己紹介をする場合は、セカンドネーム(名字)だけを使うことは一切ありません。名前と名字のフルネームか、ファースト ネームを使って答えましょう。 レストランなどを予約する場合や、自分が顧客または上司など自分が話し相手よりも立場が上にある場合はセカンドネームだけを使うことがあります。しかし、普段はファーストネームやフルネームを使いましょう。

4. How do you think about Japan?

Incorrect conversation
正しくない会話
Teacher: I'm from England.
Student: Really! How do you think about Japan?
Correct conversation
正しい会話
Teacher: I'm from England.
Student: Really! What do you think about Japan?
Teacher: I love Japan!
English explanation 解説
So, don't use "how" for asking about somebody's opinion. Instead, use "what". We generally use "how" to make a suggestion. 人の考えを聞く時には ”how”を使いません。その代わりに”what”を使ってください。 ”how”は普段、何かを提案する時に使えます。

3. I am boring

Incorrect conversation
正しくない会話
Teacher: How was work yesterday?
Student: I was writing a report. I was boring.
Correct conversation
正しい会話
Teacher: How was work yesterday?
Student: I was writing a report. I was bored.
OR: I was writing a report. It was boring.
English explanation 解説
So, adjectives with "~ing" and "~ed". This is one of the most troublesome aspects of grammar for many Japanese speakers of English. When we talk about our feelings or emotions using adjectives, we always use the "~ed" adjectives, that is adjectives ending in "~ed". When we talk about things or people that cause our feelings, we use "~ing" adjectives, adjectives ending in "~ing". 形容詞には”~ing”や”~ed”の形があります。これは日本人が英会話をする上で、文法上、混乱しやすい形の一つです。形容詞を使って、自分の気持ちや感情を表す場合は、常に”~ed”の形の形容詞を使います。人や物の影響によって得た感情を話す際は、 ”~ ing”の形の形容詞を使います。

2. I am so-so

Incorrect conversation
正しくない会話
Teacher: How are you today?
Student: I am... so-so!
Correct conversation
正しい会話
Teacher: How are you today?
Student: I’m not too bad. And you?
Teacher: I’m not too good actually. I had to work late last night.
English explanation 解説
Although English speakers understand "soso", it's kind of Japanese English. I mean, we don't use it to the extent to which Japanese speakers of English tend to use it. In fact, "so-so" is rarely used by native English speakers outside Japan. When an English speaker asks "how are you?", you can say several things. 英語を話す人は”so-so”の意味が分かりますが、すこし和製英語っぽいのです。私たちは ”so-so”という英語表現を使いますが、日本人が使うより頻度は少なく、実際に、ネイティブスピーカーは日本国外で滅多にその表現を使いません。英語で”how are you”と聞かれたら、様々な答えかたができます。

1 . I went to shopping

Incorrect conversation
正しくない会話
Teacher: What did you do yesterday?
Student: I went to shopping.
Correct conversation
正しい会話
Teacher: What did you do yesterday?
Student: I went shopping.
English explanation 解説
So, shopping is an activity, not a place. We don't use "to" for activities, for example "shopping", "swimming", "skiing", "running", "hiking", "climbing" and other activities ending in "~ing". "Home" is a place, but we don't use "to" with "home" either: "I went home" or "I'm going home". Not "I went to home", or "I'm going to home" We can use "to" with "work", "I'm going to work". We can use it with countries, cities and other places, but never with "~ing" activities. That's the most important point. 買い物は場所ではなく、活動です。 ”~ing”が付く活動には”to”を使いません。たとえば、”shopping”、”swimming”、 ”skiing”、”running”、”hiking”、”climbing” 他の"~ing"が付く活動を表す単語にも使いません。 ”Home”は場所ですが例外で、 ”home”の先に”to”を使いません。”I went home”や”I'm going home”が正しく、”I went to home”や”I'm going to home”は正しくないです。 ”work”の先に”to”が使えます。たとえば、 ”I'm going to work”。国や都市、地域に”to”が使えますが、”ing”で終わる活動には決して ”to”が使えません。これは一番重要なポイントです。